Skeletonema costatum one type of phytoplankton commonly cultivated in the shrimp hatchery (Penaeus monodon Fabr.). Plankton S. costatum has a high nutrient content, small size is used as a natural feed of tiger shrimp larvae, especially in the zoea to mysis stadia. The aim of this research is to know the effect of inorganic fertilizer (NPK+Silicate) with dosage of 5 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm to the density of S. costatum on tiger shrimp. The study was conducted for 2 weeks in July 2011 at UPTD Balai Benih Ikan Pantai Muna, Ghonebalano village, Duruka district, Muna regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The experiment used a 3-liter volume on stoples, a salinity water of 20 ppm. The study used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with NPK and Silicate treated fertilizer with 5 ppm, 10 ppm (control), 15 ppm and 20 ppm with 3 replications. The initial density of S. costatum was 10,000 cells mL^-1 per unit. The data were analyzed by ANOVA using IBM SPSS Statistic 22. The results showed that inorganic fertilizer application (NPK+Silicate) with different dose gave a very real effect on the density of S. costatum cells. Treatment of 15 ppm fertilizer dosage was significantly different with control and other treatment, average cell density was 121,000 cells mL^-1. Based on cell growth, the 15 ppm fertilizer dosage has the best growth with an average cell increase of 1,2705 cells mL^-1 day^-1.

The study was conducted aiming to test different fertilizer doses on the optimal growth rate of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. The study was conducted from July to August 2016 in the waters of Ghonebalano Village, Duruka District, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The study used NPK fertilizer with the composition of the element nitrogen (N) 15%, phosphate (P₂O₅) 15%, and potassium (K₂O) 15%. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 (three) levels of fertilizer doses and 3 (three) groups so that the number of experimental units was 9 (nine) units. While the treatments tested in the study were treatment A (without fertilizer/control), treatment B (fertilizer dose 1 g/L), and treatment C (fertilizer dose 2 g/L). The results showed that the difference in fertilizer dose significantly affected the growth rate of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. A dosage of 2 g/L of fertilizer gives the best rate of growth of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed while the water quality at the study site shows that it is still in the optimal range for the growth of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed.

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of feeding tempeh dregs at varying doses on tilapia growth and survival (Oreochromis niloticus). The study was conducted from March to May 2023 in Wataliku Village, Kabangka District, Muna Regency. The study employed a completely randomized design with four treatments that involved the administration of tempeh dregs in the diet. These were designated as follows: treatment A (control) was commercial feed; treatment B was 10% tempeh dregs; treatment C was 15% tempeh dregs; and treatment D was 20% tempeh dregs. Each treatment was replicated three times. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a confidence level of 95% (α0.05). The study results demonstrated that the highest specific growth was observed with the addition of 20% tempe dregs, with an average of 2.97% per day. This was followed by 15% tempe dregs (2.47% per day), 10% tempe dregs (2.28% per day), and commercial feed (2.00% per day). The highest absolute growth was observed in the treatment that included 20% tempe dregs, with an average of 1.04 g per individual. This was followed by the treatment that included 15% tempe dregs (0.87 g per individual), the treatment that included 10% tempe dregs (0.80 g per individual), and the treatment that included commercial feed (0.00 g per individual). It should be noted that survival was 100% in all treatments. Analysis of variance (α0.05) demonstrated that administration of tempe dregs at varying doses had a statistically significant impact on the specific and absolute growth of tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus).

Shrimp commodities in Indonesia have been cultivated, either traditionally, traditionally plus, semi intensive, or intensively. One type of shrimp that is constantly strived to increase its production is the shrimp vaname (Litopenaneus vannamei). The environmental conditions of pond waters are closely related to pond water quality. One of the water quality parameters affecting the survival and growth of vaname shrimp is salinity. The study was conducted from May to June 2018 at the Fish Seed Hall (BBIP) Ghonebalano, Ghonebalano Village, Duruka District, Muna Regency. This study aims to determine the effect of water salinity on different media on the survival and growth of vaname shrimp. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and three replications. Treatment A salinity 20 ppt, B treatment salinity 25 ppt, C treatment salinity 30 ppt and treatment D salinity 35 ppt. The results showed that the treatment had significant effect on the survival of the animals in the 95% confidence level where the survival in sequence, the treatment of A 87.50%, the treatment of B 83.33%, the C treatment 80.56% and the treatment D 69.44% . The treatment also had a significant effect on the growth of test animal at 95% confidence level. Successive growth was, treatment A 2.01 g, treatment B 1.91 g, treatment C 1,71 g and treatment D 1.51 g.

This study aims to determine the effect of the dose of plant growth regulator (PGR) Gibgro-20T on the growth of Eucheuma cottonii in-vitro. The experimental method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) treatment with a Gibgro-20T dose of 0 ppm (control), 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm. The results showed that the highest weight growth rate (RGR_W) obtained at 10 ppm PGR dose, which is 1.27% per day. Meanwhile, the highest length growth rate (RGR_L) obtained at a dose of 10 ppm, which was 1.72% per day, and the highest RGR_L was significantly different from the control (0 ppm) and 5 ppm but was not different real (P<0.05) with 15 ppm treatment. Using Gibgro-20T at doses of 5, 10, and 15 ppm, however, doses of 10 and 15 ppm show higher length growth.

Research on the growth and exploitation status of indian catfish (Plotosus canius) is important in supporting the management of fish resources in the waters of Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands. The study aims to determine the pattern of growth, growth parameters, and the status of indian catfish exploitation in the waters of Tanjungpinang City, Riau Islands Province. The study was conducted with a purposive sampling method of 3 stations with a total sample of 529 individual fish crosses. Analysis of growth and exploitation status data using FISAT II software and regression analysis using Excel 2017. This study resulted in a pattern of long relations and the weight of fish as a female and males both are negative allometric (faster increase in length than weight increase). The highest rate of exploitation of indian catfish is obtained from the data of 0.73 per year. This exploit value exceeds the optimum exploitation value of 0.5.

Milkfish cultivation in Muna Regency has not yet developed optimally, allegedly due to poor water circulation. Internal solution that can be done is the use of probiotics in water maintenance media. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding proiotics to media water with different doses on the growth and survival of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal), carried out in May to June 2019 at the Gonangkalo Beach Fish Seed Center (BBIP), Gonebalano, Duruka District, Muna Regency. The study used a complete randomized design (CRD) with three probiotics namely A 10 mL treatment per container, 20 mL treatment B per container and 30 mL C treatment per container. Data were analyzed using Variance Analysis (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level (α 0.05). The results showed that the highest daily growth rate was obtained in Treatment B at 5.84±0.16% per day followed by Treatment A at 5.71±0.23% per day and Treatment C at 5.42±0.10% per day. The highest absolute growth of milkfish was obtained in Treatment B at 8.24±0.28 g per individual and the lowest was in Treatment C at 7.95±0.0.33 g per individual, Continuation in Treatment A and B 83.33±5,77%, while in Treatment C 80.00±10.00%. Analysis of variance (α 0.05) showed that the use of probiotics with different doses significantly affected absolute growth (p>0.011) but did not significantly affect the daily growth rate (p<0.063) and survival (p<0.850) of milkfish

Vaname shrimp is one of the fishery products that are expected to produce foreign exchange for the country besides tiger shrimp.  One factor that can affect the growth and the production of vaname shrimp culture is dense stocking. The research was conducted in October-December 2016 at the Balai Benih Ikan Pantai (BBIP) Ghonebalano, aims to determine the effect of different stocking density on the growth and survival of vaname shrimp.  The research was using Completely Randomized Design with three treatment levels of density, i.e. treatment A = 10 individuals per container, treatment B = 15 individuals per container and treatment C = 20 individuals per container and three replications.  The results showed that the highest growth was obtained in treatment A which was 1,563 g/individuals, compared with treatment B (1.189 g/individuals) and C treatment (0.834 g/individuals).  Survival rate in treatment A is 80.00%, B treatment equal to 75,56% and treatment C equal to 70,00%.  Analysis of variance at 95% confidence level (α0.05) showed that the different density had a significant effect on growth, but had no significant effect on survival rate of the vaname shrimp larvae.

White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is considered able to replace black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) as a positive diversification.  Excellence shrimp vaname (L. vannamei) is a high nutritional value, fast growth and able to use the water column as a place to live so it can be maintained with high stocking density. Natural feed (phytoplankton) can be stimulated through fertilization.  The study was carried out at the Ghonebalano Coastal Fish Seed Center (BBIP), aiming to determine the effect of using different doses of urea and TSP fertilizer on the growth and survival of vaname shrimp (L. vannamei). The study used a Completely Randomized Design with three levels of combination treatment of fertilizer doses, namely treatment A urea 0.5 g/TSP 0.7 g; treatment B Urea fertilizer dose 0.7 g/TSP 0.9 g and treatment C dose Urea fertilizer 0.9 g/TSP 1.11 g. The results showed that the highest growth was obtained in treatment B i.e. 1.54±0.16 g/individuals, compared with treatment A (1.11±0.08 g/individuals) and treatment C (1.32±0.10 g/individuals). Survival in treatment A was 71.11±3.85%, treatment B was 73.33±6.67% and treatment C was 75.55±3.85%. Analysis of variance at the 95% confidence level (α0.05) showed that the administration of urea and TSP fertilizers differed significantly (0.05>0.03) on growth, but did not significantly influence (0.05<0.58) on the survival of vaname shrimp larvae.

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a commodity that is expected to not only increase options for farmers but also sustain the rise of shrimp farming business in Indonesia. One important factor in shrimp farming is the availability of feed. In addition to the availability of natural feed during cultivation, stocking density is also very influential in the survival rate and growth of shrimp vannamei. The research was conducted in September-December 2016 farms Bonea Village District of Lasalepa Muna with Test the different dosages with different stocking density. The study used a Random Group Factorial, which is based fertilization (Factor A) with three levels and stocking density (Factor B) as many as three levels, each with three replications so that all 27 units experimental unit. The results showed that the combination of factors dose of 0.7 g of urea + 0.9 g TSP and stocking density factor of 10 individuals per container provides prawn post larvae growth vannamei most excellent and a combination of factors Urea fertilizer dosage of 0.9 g TSP + 1.1 g and stocking density factor of 20 individuals per container provides a survival rate of post larvae vannamei most good. Water quality media for research in the range that is optimal for the growth and survival of post larvae vannamei.

The study aimed to determine the growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp with the application of probiotics to different stocking densities.  The study was conducted from May to June 2018 at the Balai Benih Ikan Pantai (BBIP) Ghonebalano, Duruka District, Muna Regency, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three levels of solid stocking treatment namely treatment A is 18 individu per container, treatment B is 24  individu per container and treatment C is 30  individu per container with three replications.  Data analysis using Variance Analysis (ANOVA) at the confidence level of 95% (α 0.05).  The results showed that the highest daily growth was obtained at 24 individual densities of 5.88% per day, compared to 18 individual densities of 5.86% per day and 30 individual densities of 5.74% per day.  The highest absolute growth is obtained at 24 individual density of 2.43 g per individu, then 18 individual density of 2.15 g per individual, and the lowest at 30 individual density of 2.02 g per individual.  Survival at a density of 18 individual and a density of 24 individual at 88.89%, while a 30-ind density of 86.67%.  Analysis of variance (α 0.05) showed that the application of probiotics to different stocking densities had no significant effect on the daily growth rate of vannamei shrimp (p<0.939), absolute growth of vannamei shrimp (p<0.080), and survival of vannamei shrimp (p<0.744).

Bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus) is one of Indonesia's local fish which is starting to bloom in cultivation. One of the important needs in the development of fish farming is feed, to increase feed efficiency by providing probiotics which play a role in increasing growth, survival rates, digestibility, feed efficiency, the immune system and the composition of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract of fish. This study aims to compare the concentration of different probiotics in commercial feed on the growth and survival of barley nilem (Osteochilus vittatus). The research was conducted at Pandaan Aquaculture Installation (IPB), Pasuruan Regency, East Java. Experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. Statistical analysis to compare growth performance (length and weight) and survival of nilem fish used analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The results showed that there were differences in the growth of weight, length, and survival of barley nilem (Osteochilus vittatus) on commercial feed with different concentrations of probiotics. Where there is a tendency that the higher the concentration of probiotics in commercial feed, the higher the growth in length and weight and survival of nilem fish (O. vittatus).

This study aims to investigate the impact of varying the depth of water on the growth and productivity of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. The study was carried out in the seas of Pallette. The research methodology used in this study incorporates three different planting depth treatments, specifically 1.5 meters, 3 meters, and 4 meters. In each treatment, 50 grams of Kappaphycus alvarezii seeds per bunch were used. The findings of this study indicate that seaweed cultivation at a depth of 1.5 m yields significantly favourable outcomes compared to the treatments conducted at depths of 3 m and 4 m, where growth is comparatively less optimal. This occurrence can be attributed to the diminished level of light penetration at such a depth. There is an inverse relationship between the depth of seaweed planting and the rate of weight gain. The optimal depth for seaweed cultivation for 42 days is 1.5 meters, with an average specific growth rate of 3% daily. On the contrary, the treatment carried out at a depth of 1.5 m showed the most substantial increase in biomass, averaging 122 g. Additionally, the maximum yield of seaweed was observed in the same treatment, precisely measuring 1,208 g/m².

One of the factors that affect the growth of tiger shrimp is the quality of feed. Nutrient content in feed such as protein, carbohydrate and fat, generally used as a parameter of feed quality. Feed consumed by shrimp is not all digested, one of which depends on the enzymatic ability of the shrimp digestive tract. The use of probiotic bacteria in addition to having the ability to reduce colonies, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and neutralize water quality, probiotic bacteria can help digestibility of the intestine. The aim of this research is to know the growth and survival of post larvae of shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabr.) Through the provision of probiotics with different doses. The research was conducted at Balai Fish Fishing Hall of Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Post larva shrimp tiger (PL-20) of 120 tails, maintained for 28 days. The tested treatment was probiotic dose 5 ml (treatment A), dose 10 ml treatment B), dose 15 ml (treatment C), and without probiotics (control). Probiotics are given every 7 days on water maintenance media using a pipette (0.5-20 ml scale). Weighing results showed relatively high post-larva shrimp larvae growth of 400.00% (treatment B); 291.67% (treatment C); of 233.33% (treatment A) and equal to 58.33% (Control). Variation analysis result showed that giving of probiotic with different dose gave real effect (P<0,01) to relative growth of postlarva prawn weights (P. monodon Fabr.). Provision of probiotics has no significant effect on postlarva tiger prawn survival rate (P. monodon Fabr.). The survival rate of post larvae of tiger shrimp during the study was in the range 66.67-83.33%.

One effort to reduce the role of protein as an energy source in feed is to maximize the use of feed carbohydrates as an energy source and engineering optimization of feed utilization can be done by adding exogenous digestive enzymes to feed. This study aims to determine the level of carbohydrates in the feed after being given cow rumen liquid which gives the best growth response and hepatosomatic index in milkfish. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications, Thus, there are 12 experimental units. The treatments were feeding with different levels of carbohydrate feed, namely 27,81; 39,50; 46,97 and 56,75% mixed with 80 mL of rumen liquid per 100 g of feed. Feed was given to juvenile milkfish measuring 7.19±0,036 g which was kept in a recirculating aquarium with a density of 15 fish/45 L of brackish water. The provision of various levels of carbohydrates in the feed had an effect (α<0.05) on relative growth and survival but had no effect (α>0.05) on the hepatosomatic index of milkfish. Statistically, the best relative growth response and survival were found in fish fed with a carbohydrate-level feed treatment of 27,81; 39,50; 46,97%.

Development of lobster cultivation activities in Muna regency relatively not optimal.  Availability of feed is be expected to be an obstacle in the development of lobster cultivation.  This Research aims to determine the effect of feed ingredients on growth and survival of spiny lobster (Panulirus versicolor).  The Research was conducted in December 2017 to March 2018, located in Bahari Village, Towea District, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province using a randomized block design with three levels of feed ingredients treatment namely treatment A = blood clam meat, treatment B = white shrimp and treatment C = trash fish. The results showed that the highest specific growth rate was obtained in treatment A which was 1.69 ± 0.09 %/day, then treatment C (1.13±0.09 %/day), and the in lowest treatment B (1.09±0,06 %/day). The highest absolute growth was obtained in treatment A of 606.67 ± 15,28 g/individual then treatment C was 336.67±15,28 g/individual and the lowest was in treatment B of 300.00±10.00 g/individual. Survival of sea lobster is 100% in all three treatments. Analysis of variance at the 95% confidence level (α0.05) showed that different feed ingredients had a significantly different effect on the daily growth rate, and the absolute growth of sea lobsters (P. versicolor).